World Geography Name: ________________________
Chapter 21 Notes Wkst. Date: _________________________
Mr. Botkin Period: _______

Directions: Complete this outline by writing a response in each blank. One word per blank. The answers may be found by reading sections of chapter 21 in your textbook. Start reading on page 487. DO NOT LOSE THIS SHEET!!!

HISTORY AND CULTURE

I. HISTORY
A. First people of North Africa were __________-_________________ who lived in areas where the ________________ were best
B. By 4000 B.C., much of North Africa had become _______________ and populations concentrated themselves along the ___________________ coast, desert ___________, ____________, and the __________ River
C. Every year the Nile would ___________ and would spread __________ (finely ground soil) over the river’s _____________
D. Early Peoples
1. 3000 B.C.: Egyptian civilization grew along _________ River & its __________ where they built great ________________ and other __________________ that still stand today
2. As Egyptian power ______________, foreigners began to control
much of _________ ______________
a. Phoenicians: ____________ and _______________ from what is now Lebanon who set up _____________ colonies
b. Greeks: Alexander the Great founded city of ___________
c. Romans
d. Vandals (Germanic tribe)
e. Byzantines (present-day Turkey)
E. Arabs and Islam
1. Byzantine rule was __________-___________ in North Africa
2. A.D. 600s: ________ armies from ________________ _______ swept across North Africa
a. Most North Africans became _______________
b. ______________ became the main language
F. Colonialism
1. 1830s: __________ moved to control Tunisia, Algeria and part of
Morocco while ____________ took control of northern Morocco
2. 1882: Great Britain took over ___________ because it wanted the __________ _____________
a. Connects _____________________ and _________ Seas
b. Important ___________ link that improved shipping routes
3. 1912: Italy took _____________ from the Ottoman Empire


G. Independence
1. North Africans ________________ European rule as they did not have the same ____________ as European ________________
2. Over time, North Africans worked to win their ________________ II. CULTURE
A. People and Languages
1. Nearly all of the people consider themselves _______ or ______-
__________
2. Small groups of desert ___________ called ________________ live along the ___________ Peninsula in _____________
3. Official language of every country in North Africa is ____________
4. Because of influence of __________________, many people also
speak ______________________ languages
a. Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia: ______________
b. Libya: _______________
c. Egypt: _______________
B. Settlement and Land Use
1. Most North Africans live along the ____________________ coast or in the foothills of the ___________ Mountains
2. Exception to pattern is found in ___________ where 99 percent of
the people live in the ________ ____________ and __________
where the capital, ______________, lies
3. Problem across all of North Africa is _________ _____________
as people from ________________ are pouring into __________
in hopes of finding _________ and a ____________ _________
C. The Medina (old Arab city)
1. Most developed within the protective ___________ of a fort
2. As population grew, buildings were built ________________ and ______________ together
3. Space was ___________________
4. Streets were as ____________ as possible, often ____________ at odd angles
5. When ______________ governments took over, they _________ European-style cities _______________ the old city
a. People did not _______________ for the _____________ boulevards and ______________ air-conditioned buildings
b. Many medinas remain ______________ places
D. Religion: Most North Africans are ____________ except for very small
________________ and ______________ minorities