World Geography Name: ________________________
Ch. 22 Notes Wkst. Due Date: _____________________
Mr. Botkin Period: _________

Directions: Complete this outline by writing a response in each blank. One word per blank. The answers may be found by reading sections of chapter 22 in your textbook. Start reading on page 500. DO NOT LOSE THIS SHEET!!!

“WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA”

I. LANDFORMS AND RIVERS
A. Most of the landscapes are ____________ and _________ _________
B. Two of Africa’s major rivers are the ___________ and the ___________
C. Low coastal plain runs along the __________________ shoreline
1. Most of the coastline is ________________
2. Results in few natural _______________
II. CLIMATES, PLANTS AND ANIMALS
A. Entire region lies within __________ so most areas are _______ all year
B. No major mountain ranges to _____________ _______ climate pattern
1. Climate regions form ____________ that run east to west
2. Pattern is described as ______________
C. Arid Environments
1. In the ___________, areas farthest from the _________________
have an _________ climate
a. __________ extends into northern Niger, Mali & Mauritania
b. Along _______________ edge of the _______________ is region called the _____________
2. The Sahel
a. Receives 4”-8” of _______________ a year
b. Most people here are _______________________ farmers
c. Combination of ______________ and a ______________ population have caused _______________________
1. Desert conditions have ____________ into semiarid
or marginal areas
2. Sahara is slowly expanding ___________________
D. Tropical Environments
1. South of the ___________ is a zone of _____________ _______ and _________ climate
2. Climate zone closest to the ______________ is ______________
___________ (wet), and most of Africa’s dense ______________
________ _____________ are in this part of Central Africa
III. NATURAL RESOURCES
A. Region has a wide ____________ including tropical __________, good
___________ for _______________, and many _______________
B. Some countries are world _____________ in the __________________ and _____________ of certain farm or mining products
C. Nigeria is Africa’s largest _________ producer (member of OPEC)
D. Political _____________ and poor ______________________ systems (infrastructure) keep resources from being fully ___________________
E. Cote d’Ivoire is world’s _______________ producer of cocoa beans
IV. HISTORY
A. Great ________________ once ______________ large areas of region
1. One of earliest was ______________
a. ___________ state that exported _______ and _________ to __________ Africa
b. Also participated in the ____________ trade
c. ___________ spread to region along ___________ routes
2. Mali ______________ Ghana as most powerful ______________
a. City of Timbuktu developed here along the Trans-Sahara trade route
b. Timbuktu became an important city of _____________ and _________________
B. The Colonial Era
1. By mid-_________, slave __________ was coming to an ______
2. Europe was ___________________, and countries there wanted
_____________ and _____________ _________ products they
could not _____________ at home
3. _____________ and _________ of region were good for growing
many of these ______________
4. As a result, European countries sought _______________ control
over African ____________________
5. Many people quit _________________ farming & started working for ___________ such as on _____________________
C. The Colonial Scramble
1. In 1884, European powers met in Berlin to settle _____________
disputes in Africa
2. Conference set up ___________ designed to govern how outside
powers took ____________ of African lands
3. In a short time European countries had _______________ most of
Africa among __________________
4. Effects of the European scramble for colonies can __________ be
__________ in Africa
a. Borders there today are largely those _____________ by
Europeans
b. When creating these ___________, the colonial Europeans
_____________ Africa’s existing __________, _________
groups, and ____________ environments
1. Some colonies included many different __________
2. New borders also ___________ traditional migration
and trade __________
3. Also left a number of African countries ___________

V. CULTURE
A. Societies in this region are very _______________
B. Three major cultural influences: traditional ________________ cultures, ___________, and ___________________ culture
C. People, Languages, and Settlement
1. People speak _________________ of different languages
2. Arabic is also spoken in ________________ areas
3. Still widely used today are ______________ and ____________
4. Most people live in __________ areas or small ______________ and rely mainly on __________________
D. Religion and Education
1. Islam is main religion in the ____________
2. Many ______________ live to the south between the _________ and the ________________ coast
3. Many also practice __________________ African religions
4. Literacy rates are generally ________
5. Main obstacle to education is _______________
a. Parents need their children to __________
b. Children learn about _____________ and _____________ _____________ and about growing __________ or raising _______________
E. Food, Traditions, and Customs
1. Most people produce their ________ food
2. __________ and ___________ differ among many ethnic groups
VI. LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
A. Region of ___________________ countries
1. People earn ________ and live ____________ lives than people in other parts of the world
2. Also have lower levels of ___________________
3. Some countries are ____________ ________ than others
a. Gabon is one of ____________ in Africa because of _____
b. _______________ Mali is among ____________ in Africa
1. Lies in the __________ region
2. Has ________ resources
B. Countries of region have _________ economies
1. Some goods are produced for ______________
2. Another part of the economy produces goods and services for ___________ ______________
C. Agriculture
1. In Sahel grasslands, farmers raise ___________ and _________
and _________ their herds in search of _____________ lands
2. In tropical rain forest areas, farmers have long planted several
different _______ in a single field



D. Economic Activities and Global Trade
1. Most countries export ___________ rather than ______________ goods (for example, __________________ exports cocoa beans, but the ____________________ of chocolate often takes place in _________________ countries)
2. Many countries depend heavily on only a few main ___________
which has two major ______________________
a. Makes economies _________________ to changes in the _____________ of their main exports
b. Export of ______________ goods is less ______________ than the ____________ of ____________________ goods
3. Most countries in region do not have ______________ facilities to
_____________ their primary products
E. Cities
1. Rapid urban _____________________ growth which has caused ______________ shortages
2. Many people live in crowded ______________________ without
_______________ or _______________ __________
3. Prosperous _____________ areas which are similar to downtown
areas of ________________ cities
a. Busy roads full of _______ and __________
b. Tall buildings _______________ the central city
VII. ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
A. Most important challenge is ______________ ____________________
B. Population is growing ______________ and agricultural production has ________ kept pace
C. Many countries have suffered ________ and _____________
D. Destruction of the ______________ ______________________
1. Lumber companies ___________ tropical rain forests for _______
2. Grasslands are cleared for ______________
3. In Sahel, ______________________ has degraded the land
E. One of most serious problems facing the region is _____________, esp.
malaria and _______--the virus that causes _________