Force,
Motion, and Energy Study Guide
1.
Work: the force used to move
something
2.
Energy: the ability or power
to do work
3.
There
are 2 basic types of energy:
A.
Kinetic:
the
energy gotten from a moving object. A car going down a hill has kinetic energy.
B.
Potential: energy waiting to be
used (stored energy). A ball waiting to be dropped. The heavier an object is or
the higher it is gives it more potential energy.
4.
Heat
Energy-
moving molecules where the heat finds cold and the cold finds heat.
5.
Light
Energy-
energy of light
6.
Sound
Energy-
Traveling vibrations that we can hear.
7.
Electrical
Energy-
“moving electrons” that can be plugged into electricity. Most electrical energy can be CONVERTED
into another form of electricity.
8.
Mechanical energy: motion energy made by
machines. When you turn a pencil sharpener, you are using mechanical energy.
9.
Chemical
energy: when
chemicals are put together and they give off energy it is chemical like in a
battery. Energy from burning materials is also chemical. Energy stored for
later use such as food (calories)
Where
does energy come from?
1.
Sun-
the Sun’s heat (collected by using solar panels) is used to produce
electricity and heat.
2.
Water-
HYDROELECTRIC power is water flowing from high places to low places. That produces electricity.
3.
Fossil Fuels-
Oil, coal, and natural gas which are made out of fossils of ancient plants and
animals. These are burned to produce
electricity.
4.
Wind-
Windmills or wind turbines use moving air to produce
electricity.
5.
Wood-
Wood is burned for heat and for cooking.
6.
Geothermal-
steam is created when water is heated underground. It is used to make heat and electricity.
7.
Nuclear-
energy is released when atoms break apart. This “explosion” produces electricity.
10.
Force: a push or pull on an
object
11.
Friction: a resistance to motion
because objects are rubbing against each other. Friction causes heat. Bike or
car brakes use friction to slow them down.
12.
Inertia: when your body is
riding in a car and the brakes are slammed on your body keeps moving forward
that is inertia. Another example is when you are sitting on a sled and your dad
jerks on the rope and you fall back (stay at rest) because of inertia.
13.
There
are 6 Simple Machines:
A.
Screw
B.
Lever
C.
pulley
D.
wheel
and axle
E.
inclined
plane
F.
wedge
You need to know how each is used and examples
from each.
14.
Fulcrum: the support point of a
lever and the point that a lever turns
15.
Load: the thing that is being
moved by the lever.
16.
There
are 2 types of machines:
A.
Compound
machines: a
combination of two or more simple machines like a bike.
B.
Complex
machines:
these are machines made of many compound machines like a computer.
12. Efficiency: this is the
relationship between the energy needed and work accomplished. It is more
efficient to use a back hoe or bulldozer to load a truckload of dirt than to
throw it on with a shovel.