State and Local Government

 

Separation of Powers - Dividing the powers of government into three branches

 

•The Legislative Branch

–Makes the laws

•The Executive Branch

–Carries out the laws

•The Judicial Branch

–Explains/interprets the laws

 

--Federalism:  Dividing the power between different levels of government

•Federal government

•State government

•Local government

 

•Federal government powers are expressed (enumerated) or implied in the Constitution.

 

•Federal powers:

– conduct foreign policy

– create money

– regulate commerce

– declare war

– admit new states

– defend our country

– 

The Legislative Branch at the national level

•Makes laws for the entire country

•US Capitol Building in DC

•The Congress

–US Senate

–US House of Representatives

 

The Executive Branch at the national level

•Carries out the laws that the Legislative Branch makes

•The White House

•The President and Vice President

•The President’s Cabinet

•Federal Bureaucracy

 

The Judicial Branch at the national level

•Explains or interprets the laws that have been made

•US Supreme Court in DC

•US Court of Appeals

•US District Court

•Judicial Review makes sure that everything agrees with the US Constitution

 

The 10th amendment reserves powers for the state governments.

 

State Powers:

•Licenses

•Elections

•Highway laws

•Welfare of their citizens

•Education of their young people

•Health and Safety

 

The state legislative branch makes the laws for the citizens of Virginia.

•Virginia General Assembly:

–VA Senate

–VA House of Delegates

 

The State Executive Branch carries out the laws in the state.

•VA State Governor

•VA Lieutenant Governor

•VA Attorney General

 

The State Judicial Branch interprets (explains) the laws.

•VA Supreme Court

•VA Court of Appeals

•The Circuit Court

–Felonies, major civil cases

 

Local governments derive their powers from the state governments. 

 

Local powers:

•Set up zoning

•Make parks

•Collect trash and recycling

•Put in water and sewer lines

•School locations

 

Local Legislatures:

•The Board of Supervisors for county governments

–Town councils for town governments

 

The executive branch at the local level:

•The mayor of the city or town

•The job of the executive branch is to carry out the laws and work with the town/city council

 

The judicial branch at the local level consists of

•General District Court

–Misdemeanors, minor civil cases

–Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court for family cases and for people under the age of 18